புதன், 7 செப்டம்பர், 2016

NEWS UPDATE-A CHEAP GENETICS TEST

A CHEAP GENE TEST

There is a noval way to study about your own gene by a device made by Genos.The device costs US$399 as per the advertisement.

The device uses your saliva sample for genome study.By putting an order through their web site,they will send a kit.Collect the saliva in a tube sent along with the kit.After collecting the saliva sample the tube should be sent back by the prepaid post.Once they received your saliva sample they start sequencing your gene.

You can browse your gene by connecting the kit with a computer.

The advertisement says be among the first to study what your DNA says about you.Explore with a browsable map of your genetic variations including a personalized variant assessment summary and gene and condition associations.

For further informations go to their website given below

https://www.genosresearch.com

புதன், 31 ஆகஸ்ட், 2016

NEWS UPDATE-SMOKELESS TOBACCO-POSES DANGERS

SMOKELESS TOBACCO-DANGERS

A new report has been emerged as there are many opportunistic infectious microbes are present in smokeless tobacco which is worldwide in use.

THE NEWS

Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses

Bacteria in smokeless tobacco products may be a health concern

Adapted Media Release

Published: Tuesday 30 August 2016 Published: Tue 30 Aug 2016

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Several species of bacteria found in smokeless tobacco products have been associated with opportunistic infections, according to a paper published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, a journal of the American Society for Microbiology.

Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus could potentially cause inflammation of the lungs, as well as opportunistic infections, said coauthor Steven Foley, PhD, research microbiologist, the National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration.

Other Bacillus species also present health concerns, said Foley. "Some species have been identified as causative agents in spice-related outbreaks of diarrhea and vomiting. Additionally, they produce a mild toxin which, in large quantities could cause illness.

A further danger is that several species of Bacillus, as well as some Stapphylococccus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis strains can reduce nitrates to nitrites, which can potentially lead to formation of carcinogenic, tobacco-specific N'-nitrosamines within the tobacco products, said Foley.

Part of the concern over microbial risk from smokeless tobacco products stems from the fact that users typically hold these products in their mouths in close contact with mucus membranes, for extended periods of time, in order to allow nicotine to pass into the bloodstream. So doing provides an opportunity for the user to be exposed to bacteria present in the product.

Additionally, users often have problems with gingivitis and other oral health issues that are caused by the smokeless tobacco products. Both species of Staphylococci found in these products have previously been reported to cause heart valve infection. The gum disease, and other oral issues enables bacterial entry into the bloodstream, which is how they could arrive at the heart.

An estimated 8 million people use smokeless tobacco products in the US. But there has been little data on the microbial populations that exist within these products. The study was undertaken to better understand the potential microbiological risks associated with the use of smokeless tobacco products, and to provide a baseline microbiological risk profile of these products, said Foley.

That data was designed to produce a microbiological baseline for smokeless tobacco products, and to lay a foundation for further studies to evaluate microbial risks of smokeless tobacco use, according to the report. This research will provide useful information regarding the US Food and Drug Administration's regulatory decision making around smokeless tobacco products.

Article: Bacterial Populations Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Products, Jing Han1, Yasser M. Sanad1, Joanna Deck, John B. Sutherland, Zhong Li, Matthew J. Walters, Norma Duran, Matthew R. Holman and Steven L. Foley, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, doi: 10.1128/AEM.01612-16, published online 26 August 2016.

வியாழன், 25 ஆகஸ்ட், 2016

NEWS COMMENTS

WAR FOR WATER

In future if there would be a war it must be a war for water.Water can exist without lives but lives cannot exist without water.

Water is mismanaged by us.This comment is based on the latest news in The Hindu Magazine 'Cauvery Row:Karnataka Chief Call For An All Party Meeting'

Water disputes between TN and Karnataka is not similar to other interstates water disputes in the country.Internationally there are water disputes between countries but some how they are managed or solved successfully by the respective countries by mutual cooperation or by solution by the International Court.

Internationally there were well known disputes for water and have been solved by the intervension of IC such as Nile Disputes between Egypt and Sudan,Tigris and Euphratus Disputes between Turkey,Syria and Iraq.

All the above disputes were solved by the court successfully on a basical theory that The Course of Rivers and water bodies should not be subjected into diversion or misdirections.They should be kept on their own natural course of directions without any disterbance from any side.They are the nature's gift.Each and every lives has the right to enjoy it.

The above norm is more suitable and should be implimented in India also.All states should be stricly advised that water is a common body and does not belongs to any state.

To ensure this the Center has to take the step to organize Cauvery River Management Authority and the Cauvery River water Distribution Regulating body wihout politics.

Tamilnadu similar to Karnataka must unite beyond the politics in this issue.
The Full News

Cauvery row: Karnataka CM calls all-party meeting on Saturday

A delegation of TN farmers’ leaders met Siddaramaiah seeking Cauvery water on humanitarian grounds, in Bengaluru on Thursday. Photo: Special arrangement

A delegation of TN farmers’ leaders meet Siddaramaiah, seek water release on humanitarian grounds

With Tamil Nadu moving the Supreme Court seeking release of Cauvery water, water-starved Karnataka, which is facing deficient rainfall in the catchment area, has called an all-party meeting on Saturday in Bengaluru to decide the next course of action.

Karnataka Water Resources Minister M.B. Patil told reporters here on Thursday that the all-party meeting convened by Chief Minister Siddaramaiah would also take stock of the grim water storage situation in the reservoirs in the Cauvery basin and the problems being faced by farmers of the State due to deficient rainfall.

The proposed meeting would be attended by MPs from the State, including three Union Ministers and ministers in-charge of the districts in Cauvery basin, Mr. Patil said.

Referring to the seriousness of the situation due to poor storage in the reservoirs in Cauvery basin, the minister said: "We need the water stored in the dams in Cauvery basin for drinking purpose and have strictly instructed our farmers not to take up cultivation of water-intensive crops. But Tamil Nadu is actually seeking water for irrigation purposes."

"We will convince the Supreme Court, the Centre and the Cauvery Monitoring Committee about the deficient rainfall and poor storage position in Karnataka’s dams," he added.

Referring to Tamil Nadu’s contention that there was a deficit of 22.934 tmcft of water to be released by it, Mr. Patil said as per Karnataka’s official records, the shortfall was only 12 tmcft. Tamil Nadu has filed an application before the Supreme Court seeking direction to Karnataka to release 50.052 tmcft of water.

Meanwhile, a delegation of representatives from all the farmers’ associations in Tamil Nadu met Mr. Siddaramaiah on Thursday and appealed to him to release Cauvery water to their Samba crop on humanitarian grounds. After hearing their plea, Mr. Siddaramaiah told them about the grim storage position in Karnataka and said it would be difficult to release water given the present scenario. He assured them of releasing water in the coming days if there was good rainfall in the catchment areas.

The Chief Minister requested the farmers’ leaders from the neighbouring state to understand the position of Karnataka, which was finding it difficult to provide even drinking water.

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NEWS UPDATES-TOOMUCH BRAIN ACTIVITY LEADS TO COGNITIVE,MEMORY AND ATTENTION DEFECTS

OVER BRAIN ACTIVITY DEFECTS

A recent research has proved that too much neuronal stimulant activities especially in the attention and memory regions of the brain leads to attention deficits,age related cognitive and memory defecits and Alzheimer's Syndrome.

The research was conducted by Dr Tobias Bast in the School of Psychology at the University Of Nottingham and published in the academic journal Cerebral Cortex.

The Central Nervous System including the Brain is the main controller of all our body's physical and mental activities.

Our brain is composed of many neurons which interact with each other by means various stimulatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Gamma Amino Butyric Acid is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter which control the neurons from over stimulation by the other stimulant transmitters.

If this control has been last there will be an erratic inhibition,which results in neuronal over activities.This over activities leads to neuronal tiredness.If this happen in the hippocampus area of the brain then there will be cognitive,memory,and attention defects,Alzheimer Disease,and schizophrenia.

The Full News

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Neurons in the brain interact by sending each other chemical messages, so-called neurotransmitters. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter, which is important to restrain neural activity, preventing neurons from getting too trigger-happy and from firing too much or responding to irrelevant stimuli.

Researchers led by Dr Tobias Bast in the School of Psychology at The University of Nottingham have found that faulty inhibitory neurotransmission and abnormally increased activity in the hippocampus impairs our memory and attention.

Their latest research - "Hippocampal neural disinhibition causes attentional and memory deficits" - published in the academic journal Cerebral Cortex, has implications for understanding cognitive deficits in a variety of brain disorders, including schizophrenia, age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's, and for the treatment of cognitive deficits.

The hippocampus - a part of the brain that sits within our temporal lobes - plays a major role in our everyday memory of events and of where and when they happen - for example remembering where we parked our car before going shopping.

This research has shown that a lack of restraint in the neural firing within the hippocampus disrupts hippocampus-dependent memory; in addition, such aberrant neuron firing within the hippocampus also disrupted attention - a cognitive function that does not normally require the hippocampus.

Increased activity can be more detrimental than reduced activity

Dr Bast, said: "Our research carried out in rats highlights the importance of GABAergic inhibition within the hippocampus for memory performance and for attention. The finding that faulty inhibition disrupts memory suggests that memory depends on well-balanced neural activity within the hippocampus, with both too much and too little causing impairments. This is an important finding because traditionally, memory impairments have mainly been associated with reduced activity or lesions of the hippocampus.

"Our second important finding is that faulty inhibition leading to increased neural activity within the hippocampus disrupts attention, a cognitive function that does not normally require the hippocampus, but depends on the prefrontal cortex. This probably reflects that there are very strong neuronal connections between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Our finding suggests that aberrant hippocampal activity has a knock-on effect on the prefrontal cortex, thereby disrupting attention.

"Overall, our new findings show that increased activity of a brain region, due to faulty inhibitory neurotransmission, can be more detrimental to cognitive function than reduced activity or a lesion. Increased activity within a brain region can disrupt not only the function of the region itself - in this case hippocampus-dependent memory - but also the function of other regions to which it is connected - in this case prefrontal cortex-dependent attention."

Adding to existing research finding

Dr Bast's research is motivated by recent clinical findings that patients in early stages of schizophrenia, age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's show faulty inhibition and increased activity within the hippocampus. The new study, where inhibition in the hippocampus of rats was disrupted before the animals took part in tests of attention and memory, revealed that such faulty inhibition and aberrant activity within the hippocampus causes the type of memory and attentional impairments seen in patients.

This research adds to the team's recent findings, where they found that attention was disrupted by faulty inhibition and increased activity within the prefrontal cortex, a brain region important for attention.

Dr Bast, said: "Overall, these findings highlight that higher brain functions, such as attention and memory, depend on well-balanced neural activity within the underlying brain regions."

Potential target for new treatments

This research has important implications for treating cognitive impairments.

The findings show that simply 'boosting' the activity of the key memory and attention centres in the brain (the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), which has been a long-standing strategy for cognitive enhancement, will not necessarily improve memory and attention, but can actually impair these functions. What's important is to re-balance activity within these regions.

Dr Bast, said: "One emerging idea is that early stages of cognitive disorders, such as schizophrenia and age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's, are characterised by faulty inhibition and too much activity; this excess neural activity leads then to neuronal damage and the reduced brain activity characterizing later stages of these disorders. So, rebalancing aberrant activity early on may not only restore attention and memory, but also prevent further decline.

"We have new studies on the way where we aim to identify medicines that might be able to re-balance neural activity within hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and to restore memory and attention."

புதன், 24 ஆகஸ்ட், 2016

NEWS UPDATES-BOOK READING INCREASES LIFE EXPECTANCY

BOOK READING-LONG LIFE

There is a good news for book worms.A recent research has proved that book readers live longer than non readers.They live an average of about 2 years longer than non book readers.A news study published on the magazine Social Study And Medicine

The Full News:-

Bookworms May Have Better Life Expectancy

Ryan Marotta, Assistant Editor

Published Online: Tuesday, August 9, 2016

“A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies,” mused a character in George R.R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire series.

Although life expectancy in Martin’s fantasy franchise is infamously low, a recent study has good news for bookworms in the real world: readers may live an average of about 2 years longer.

The study published in Social Science & Medicine evaluated data on the reading patterns of 3635 patients 50 years and older. The participants were separated into one of 3 groups: those who read for 3.5 hours or more each week, those who read for up to 3.5 hours each week, and those who didn’t read at all.

Over a 12-year follow-up period, 27% of readers and 33% of nonreaders passed away. After accounting for factors such as gender, race, and education, the research team determined that participants who read for up to 3.5 hour a week were 17% less likely to die than those who didn’t read at all, while more avid readers were 23% less likely to die than no-readers.

“When readers were compared to nonreaders at 80% mortality (the time it takes 20% of a group to die), non-book readers lived 85 months (7.08 years), whereas book readers lived 108 months (9.00 years) after baseline,” the study authors wrote. “Thus, reading books provided a 23-month survival advantage.”

The researchers noted that books were more strongly linked to longevity than newspapers or magazines. They also suggested that book reading engages higher cognitive processes and promotes empathy, social perception, and emotional intelligence, all of which can lead to improved survival.

The study authors acknowledged that further research is needed to uncover any further health benefits offered by reading, as well as to establish differences between fiction and non-fiction or various genres. They also expressed interest in better understanding the health effects of e-books and audiobooks, which are more likely to be read in a nonsedentary manner. Fortunately, bibliophiles can offset the risks associated with long periods of sitting by supplementing their daily reading with an hour of physical activity.

Pointing to previous studies in which participants 65 years and older were found to spend more than 4 hours a day watching television, the researchers ultimately encouraged patients, especially older ones, to consider spending their leisure time behind a book rather than in front of a TV.

“The benefits of reading books include a longer life in which to read them,” the study authors concluded. “The robustness of our findings suggests that reading books may not only introduce some interesting ideas and characters; it may also give more years of reading.”

ஞாயிறு, 21 ஆகஸ்ட், 2016

NEWS BITS

1.Chemotherapy for Cancer Leads to Cognitive Deficits:-

Long term chemotherapy for cancers produce long term cognitive defects.

Many post menopausal women who underwent chemotherapeutic treatments for their breast cancers have complained of long term cognitive decline after he treatments.

The researches ask how long these deficits will lost.

But the treatments are improved life expectancy and mostly increase the survival rate.But the patients complained often about the suffer from loss of memory,loss of concentration,and inability to do multi tasks.

The condition is dubbed as 'Chemo Brain' or 'Chemo Fog'.

A news report publishes on 9th Aug 2016 by Newman this condition affects nearly about 17 to 50% of female breast cancer survivors.

A study conducted at University of Illinois and published in the journal of Behavioral Brain Research,set out to investigate the effects of chemo brain over a long periods of time.

Anthracycline based chemotherapy causes worse on verbal memory tasks.

வெள்ளி, 19 ஆகஸ்ட், 2016

KIDNEY DISEASE AND THE DOSAGE ADJUSTMENTS

DOSAGE ADJUSTMENTS IN CKD

Many drugs are prescribed by doctors for various disease to the patients for treatments.The general rule is there should be a special care to be taken by the doctors to old and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients who's kidneys are very weak and functionless respectively.

Kidneys are one of the major organs eliminating the unwanted materials from the body and regulating the amount of bioavailability and plasma concentration of a drug.A diseased kidney which last its power of excretion may cause over accumulation of certain drugs in our blood and body fluids which results in toxicity.

A diseased kidney may over eliminate certain drugs which causes insufficient bioavailability and under plasma concentration which result in poor or nill therapeutic effect at the given dosage.

Hence dosage adjustments are necessary by accurate technical assessments by the doctors.

The following news study is more informative for you.
The following medications require dosage adjutments in CKD
1.Allopurinol
2.Lithium
3.Acyclovir
4.Amantadine
5.Fexofenadine
6.Gabapentin
7.Metoclopramide
8.Ranitidine
Antimicrobials that require dosage adjustments in CKD
1.Cephalexin
2.Amoxicillin
3.Cefuroxime
4.Ciprofloxacin
5.Clarithromycin
6.Levofloxacin
7.Nitrofurantoin
8.Piperacillin
9.Tetracyclin
10.Trimethoprim+sulphamethoxazole

The News:-

Medications Requiring Renal Dosage Adjustments

Published Online: Wednesday, August 17, 2016

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal dysfunction can alter medications’ renal elimination and lead to subtherapeutic or supratherapeutic drug concentrations, which may decrease efficacy or increase toxicity.

Using the Cockroft-Gault equation or the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) to estimate creatinine clearance (CrCl) helps provide the appropriate dosage of renally-excreted medications.¹ Because elderly patients tend to have poor renal function, it’s important to take CrCl into consideration when dosing medications that follow renal elimination.

Renal damage can alter clearance of active drug metabolites, potentially causing accumulation.² Altered renal function can also affect dosing intervals of renally-eliminated medications.

The following medications require renal dosage adjustments^3,4:

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Lithium (Lithobid)
Acyclovir (Valtrex)
Amantadine (Symmetrel)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Fesoterodine (Toviaz)

*List isn’t conclusive of all renally-dosed medications

Some common antimicrobials requiring renal dosing include³:

Cephalexin (Keflex)
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

*List isn’t conclusive of all renally-dosed medications

Roughly half of adults 30 to 64 years old are expected to develop CKD in their lifetime.⁵ In patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 m="" min="" ml="" sup="">2

, MDRD is considered superior to the Cockroft-Gault equation in estimating GFR to help determine dosing adjustments.¹

CKD patients will require dosage adjustments for certain medications, including antihypertensives, hypoglycemic agents, analgesics, statins. Staging of CKD is dependent on the patient’s GFR results.

Diuretics
Thiazide diuretics are considered first-line treatment for patients with uncomplicated hypertension and CKD (only if S_cr <2 .5="" crcl="" dl="" mg="" or="">30 mL/min). Loop diuretics are also commonly used to treat uncomplicated hypertension in CKD patients, but potassium-sparing diuretics should be avoided because the mechanism through which they work (excreting extra fluids and retaining potassium) is detrimental to the health of these patients.¹

Antihypertensives
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are first-line antihypertensives used in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes and early CKD.¹Beta-blockers that are hydrophilic (including atenolol, bisoprolol, and nadolol) require dosing adjustments in CKD patients.

Hypoglycemic Agents
A renally-excreted hypoglycemic agent like metformin isn’t recommended if S_cr is >1.5 mg/dL in men or >1.4 mg/dL in women. It’s important to monitor CKD patients on metformin closely for lactic acidosis development. Sulfonylureas like chlorpropamide and glyburide should be avoided in patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD,¹ as their use increases hypoglycemia risk.

Analgesics
Metabolites of morphine, tramadol, and codeine can accumulate in CKD patients, leading to respiratory adverse effects. Dosage reduction is recommended for morphine and codeine in patients with CrCl <50 accumulation="" and="" be="" br="" can="" cause="" ckd="" concentrations="" dosing="" for="" harm.="" in="" intervals="" lead="" may="" metabolite="" min.="" ml="" modified="" need="" opioids="" patients.="" severe="" supratherapeutic="" to="">
Statins
Statin therapy for dyslipidemia is commonly used in CKD patients. Atorvastatin and pravastatin have no dose adjustment recommendation in these patients,⁶ but rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin do have dose adjustment recommendations dependent on CKD severity. Fluvastatin should be used with caution in CKD patients.

Taking renal function into consideration when necessary can help ensure optimal therapy. Considering CrCl and GFR may prevent unnecessary adverse effects from medications that require renal dosage adjustments.

References
1. Munar MY, et al. Drug dosing adjustments in patients with chronic kidney disease. American Academy of Fam Physicians. aafp.org/afp/2007/0515/p1487.pdf. Accessed August 10, 2016.
2. Doogue MP, et al. Drug dosing in renal disease. Clin Biochem. 2011;32:69-73.
3. Renal dosing - database. GlobalRPh. globalrph.com/index_renal.htm. Accessed August 13, 2016.
4. Renal dosage adjustment guidelines for antimicrobials. Nebraska Medicine. nebraskamed.com/app_files/pdf/careers/education-programs/asp/antimicrobial-renal-dosing-guidelines.pdf. Updated March 2013. Accessed August 10, 2016.
5. CDC. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) surveillance system. nccd.cdc.gov/ckd/. Updated June 23, 2016. Accessed August 13, 2016.
6. Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. National Kidney Foundation. kidney.org/professionals/KDOQI/guideline_diabetes. Accessed August 13, 2016.

சனி, 13 ஆகஸ்ட், 2016

NEWS COMMENT-ISHA YOGA AND THEOLOGY

IS YOGA SHOWS GOD?

This is based on a news that a woman moved the Madras High Court alleiging the illegal detention of her two daughters in the Isha Yoga Foundation at it's Coimbatore Ashram.

But the court dismissed her plea on the basis of a receipt of statements directly from the concerned daughters of the woman saying that they are staying at the Yoga Center in Coimbatore at their own will and volition.The statements were taken from the women ananymously but that ananymous report which contain the statements "we are not under any illegal detention,we are staying at our own will" was from the Principal District Judge of Coimpatore as per the direction of the MHC.

It was not clear that who visited the daughters at the IYC to take the statements.

It is ambiguous that why this long and unbeleivable procedure of taking self declaring statements from one concerned end to other concerned end through various hands yet the case is put on habeas corpus plea.

Our Jurisdiction and Court systems are frequently influenced by corruption and bureaucracy.Hippocratic and corrupted Justice System.

Irresponsible and meaning less rejection of a valuable plea by the parents who have the right to see their daughter at the spot,the court and not by visit to the IYC.

It is right time to think by every women that Home is the best place to stay.

It is not advisable for women to stay in another place whether it is a Musjid or Church or Temple without the concern of their parents or their spouces.

The Power of God spreads over every where else in the earth including your house.Women's physiques are not similar to Men's.They have many complications.It is not safe for them bodily and mentally to stay with strangers.

Court has to order to bring the concerned women to MHC with the help of police and get their statements in a free atmosphere.

The News From The Hindu (13-08-2016)

Madras HC dismisses plea against Isha Yoga Centre

Court gives liberty to parents to meet their daughters in the Foundation, without causing any disturbance to the peaceful atmosphere of the centre.

A day after a woman moved the Madras High Court, alleging illegal detention of her daughters in the Isha Yoga Foundation, Coimbatore, the court on Friday dismissed her plea, relying on the statements received from the women confirming that they are staying at the centre on their own volition.

A Division Bench of Justices S. Nagamuthu and V. Bharathidasan however, gave liberty to the parents to meet their daughters in the Foundation, without causing any disturbance to the peaceful atmosphere of the centre and with due intimation to the management.

When the habeas corpus plea of Sathyajothi came up for hearing, the government advocate submitted the report of the Coimbatore Principal District Judge (PDJ) as directed by the High Court on Thursday. After perusing the report, which included the statements of Geetha, and Latha, the Bench said, “The PDJ has categorically mentioned in his report that there is no truth in the allegation and that the detenues are staying at the Foundation on their own will.”

Noting that as of now no material is on record to believe that they are under illegal detention in the Isha Yoga Centre, the Bench said, “Prima facie, we are satisfied that they are staying on their own wish, and hence no relief can be granted as prayed in the petition.”

According to the petitioner, Geetha (34) and Latha (31), who now go by the names ''Maa Mathi'' and ''Maa Mayu'' have been forced to stay in the yoga centre against their will.

Geetha was a former employee of Sheffield Hallam University, England. After her marriage broke up in 2008, she started attending yoga classes organised by Isha foundation.

Later Latha also joined the Foundation and both became full-time workers in 2013. The petitioner alleged that the management of the Foundation, after coming to know about the financial status of their daughters, had exerted influence and pressure on them to enrol as full-time workers.

Claiming that she was not allowed to contact or meet her daughters for over a year, the petitioner prayed for a direction to the police officers concerned to produce the women before the court.

Keywords: Isha Yoga

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